Bukan satu rahsia. Cendawan merupakan sebahagian daripada diet atau pemakanan yang bukan sahaja enak dan pelbagai tetapi juga berkhasiat dan penting dalam kehidupan seharian.
Bayangkan sahaja sup cendawan keju dengan kruton atau dicampur bijirin yang lazat dan berkrim. Sungguh menyelerakan!
Kesan legendanya sebagai penawar herba kini turut meraih perhatian saintis Barat untuk melakukan penyelidikan demi penyelidikan.
Cendawan telah diamalkan di dalam perubatan herba tradisional di China dan Jepun sejak beribu tahun lampau.
Di Asia, cendawan biasa digunakan untuk melegakan kesakitan dan merawat penyakit-penyakit seperti artritis.
Tidak hairanlah jika spesies kulat yang sering diklasifikasikan dalam kumpulan yang sama dengan buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran ini bakal muncul kelas seterusnya yang tersendiri dalam perubatan alami.
Pengamal perubatan tradisi Cina, Martin Powell dalam kunjungannya ke Kuala Lumpur baru-baru ini berkongsi maklumat bagaimana ‘sentuhan ajaib’ cendawan yang dakwanya, boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan rawatan kanser.
Menurutnya, cendawan mempunyai manfaat unik bagi mereka yang menjalani rawatan konvensional kanser kerana selamat digunakan bersama-sama dengan perubatan moden.
Terdapat banyak perubatan herba yang tidak diterima oleh doktor kerana berkemungkinan interaksi dengan ubat, tetapi penggunaan cendawan ini dianggap selamat dan telah digunakan oleh doktor sebagai rawatan tambahan di Barat.
Coriolus versicolor merupakan cendawan yang paling banyak dikaji untuk menyokong kegunaannya ke atas kanser dan telah digunakan untuk terapi kanser di China dan Jepun. Pada lewat 1980-an jualan Coriolus di Jepun dianggarkan berjumlah AS$600 juta (RM2.884 bilion),” ujar Powell.
Anak kelahiran United Kingdom (UK) ini turut menyampaikan ceramah bertajuk Khasiat Cendawan dalam Pengawalan Kanser kepada para pengamal perubatan tradisi Cina, anjuran Bio-Life, sebuah syarikat tempatan yang berkecimpung dalam penjagaan kesihatan secara semula jadi.
Powell merupakan seorang ahli biokimia yang juga berkemahiran dalam perubatan Cina setelah melanjutkan pelajaran dalam bidang tersebut di Sekolah Akupuntur dan Perubatan Tradisional Cina London serta di Klinik Perubatan Tradisional Cina, Shanghai, China.
Kini, beliau merupakan pensyarah Perubatan Herba Cina dan Terapi Nutrisi di Universiti Westminister, London selain memberi syarahan tentang khasiat cendawan untuk Mycology Research Laboratories (MRL) di Portugal, Ireland dan England.
Powell telah menjadi tenaga pengajar sejak tahun 1997 dan mengajar mengenai perubatan Cina di Ireland dan Sweden.
Pemakanan berkhasiat cendawan adalah salah satu bidang pengkhususannya.
Mengulas lanjut, Powell berkata, dua ekstrak daripada Coriolus versicolor telah diuji secara mendalam di China dan Jepun dan didapati mampu meningkatkan jangka hayat penghidap kanser payudara, paru-paru, perut, usus dan nasofarinks.
Kini, cendawan ini digunakan secara meluas untuk menyokong sistem imuniti badan dalam pengawalan kanser.
Rawatan radioterapi dan kemoterapi akan melemahkan sistem imuniti badan dan pengambilan cendawan membantu keberkesanan rawatan, mengurangkan kesan sampingan serta menyokong sistem imun.
Berulang
Pengambilan berterusan selepas rawatan membantu mengelak kanser daripada berulang. Selain itu, ia turut digunakan dalam beberapa masalah jangkitan virus yang kronik,” katanya.
Dalam perubatan Barat, apabila mereka menilai sesuatu penyakit, mereka tidak melihat seseorang itu secara keseluruhan walaupun ia penting terutamanya bagi penyakit tahap akut.
Powell tertarik dengan bagaimana masyarakat Cina membuat penilaian mengenai kesihatan dan penyakit.
Ia ada kaitan dengan ‘yin dan yang’, tujuh emosi. Contohnya jantung adalah keceriaan, limpa adalah kerisauan, ginjal adalah ketakutan, hati adalah kemarahan dan paru-paru adalah kesedihan.
Manakala konsep keharmonian dan keseimbangan juga dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang diperlukan dalam kehidupan,” jelas beliau.
Tambahnya, cendawan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Coriolus, Cordyceps sinensis dan Reishi (Lingzhi).
Powell sendiri banyak menggunakan lingzhi untuk rawatan rinitis kerana ia bersifat antihistamin, antiradang dan bahan pemodulasi imun.
Ia membantu mereka yang kurang tenaga dan lelaki yang mempunyai fungsi seksual yang lemah. Beliau memberitahu:
Saya akan mengambil Coriolus apabila mendapat selesema, semasa mengembara dan apabila berada dalam stres. Pengambilan Coriolus dan vitamin C membantu mengelakkan jangkitan.
Dalam masalah kanser seperti payudara, perut, usus, prostat, hati dan juga leukemia, pengambilannya berupaya membantu menyokong sistem imun.
Di UK, ada doktor haiwan yang memberi Coriolus kepada anjing dan kucing yang menghidap kanser tahap akhir dan ia membantu meningkatkan selera makan dan kualiti kehidupan haiwan berkenaan.”
Produk cendawan yang dimaksudkan oleh Powell adalah daripada MRL di California, yang memfokuskan kepada perkembangan klinikal untuk menyokong sistem imun.
MRL mempunyai perpustakaan yang ekstensif mengenai jenis-jenis cendawan untuk memastikan spesies cendawan yang betul dan bioaktif digunakan.
Contohnya, spesies yang betul mengikut Chinese Pharmocopoeia adalah Cordyceps sinensis, tetapi dianggarkan 75 peratus produk di pasaran menggunakan Cordyceps militarium.
Kajian menunjukkan cendawan Shiitake, Maitake, Reishi, Cordyceps sinensis dan Coriolus versicolor bersifat antitumor.
Maitake, Coriolus dan Reishi juga bersifat antiradang manakala Coriolus dan Reishi bermanfaat untuk melindungi hati.
Coriolus, Maitake dan Reishi mempunyai bahan hipoglisemik (mengurangkan kandungan gula darah) manakala Cordyceps mempunyai aktiviti steroid.
Cendawan ini mengandungi polisakarida berantai panjang, beta glukan dan proteoglikan dan enzim-enzim untuk mengelakkan tekanan oksidatif, menghalang perkembangan sel tak terkawal dan merangsang detoksifikasi,” terang Powell.
Sabtu, November 24, 2012
Selasa, November 06, 2012
Mushrooms put food on the table for rural women
Rural women in four villages in Thaba
Nchu which lies east of Bloemfontein near the Lesotho border have
ventured into exotic mushroom farming, turning small scale farming into
an engine of economic development in the area.
The
project, which started a year ago with the aim of introducing a cheaper
and healthier protein diet to the home-based care, orphanage and
vulnerable children programme in Thaba Nchu, has grown into a small
industry reaching parts of Bloemfontein, Clocolan and Ladybrand.
Project manager Jackie Lingalo and her directors Nqabakazi Mathe and Christine Masala are working with a Taiwanese-South African mushroom farmer and entrepreneur, Andy Weng, and his wife, Cathy Hong-Weng, who introduced them to mushroom farming and encouraged them to promote mushroom gardening in the surrounding villages as a protein replacement for meat, which is expensive.
Project manager Jackie Lingalo and her directors Nqabakazi Mathe and Christine Masala are working with a Taiwanese-South African mushroom farmer and entrepreneur, Andy Weng, and his wife, Cathy Hong-Weng, who introduced them to mushroom farming and encouraged them to promote mushroom gardening in the surrounding villages as a protein replacement for meat, which is expensive.
"We experimented with various mushrooms (oyster,
king oyster, pink and coral mushrooms) in our home care and orphanages
in the seven villages in Thaba Nchu where we operate.
"People welcomed the diet, saying mushrooms tasted like chicken, or tripe or liver," she said.
"We started growing the mushrooms in our four village centres in Woodbridge, Tabali, Gladstone and Yorksford and the interest has been overwhelming such that even Queen Kgosi M Moroka of the area supported and endorsed the project," Ms Lingalo said.
Rosine Letsoalo says a lot of education has gone into ensuring people did not eat the poisonous and wild mushrooms growing naturally under trees.
The project is such that any family in the village could buy the processed mushroom bag and grow their own at home just as they grow vegetables in their gardens. She says many women in this area have no jobs since most textile firms shut down in the past 10 to 15 years. With most men working out of the province in the mines, they rely on farming to feed their children.
Pali Mokawane, who runs the project, says they want to grow the number of mushroom smallholder farmers and if possible encourage related processing industry such as sun-drying the mushrooms.
"Women in these villages are already experienced farmers of a variety of vegetables and are processing sun-dried spinach, brinjal and cabbage. The exotic mushroom has potential to increase their income faster," he says.
Ms Hong-Weng says she dreams of women growing and making the district famous for its mushroom industry. While mushroom growing is regarded as one of the most technologically advanced and sophisticated agricultural industries, she says they want to take away the myth that ordinary people cannot grow them in their garages, kitchens or mud huts.
Mr Weng, CEO of Arteface, says he got the mushroom farming model from Chee-Jen Chen from the Nan Tai University of Technology in Taiwan four years ago.
They brought the technology to empower small-scale farmers to be commercial mushroom producers - taking away the perception that mushroom farming requires extensive capital investment, a highly mechanised environment, detailed knowledge and a high level of management skill to succeed.
"Our company sells to farmers an already prepared mushroom bed the size of bread allowing each farmer to grow the business steadily. They can increase the number of crates with mushroom beds after every harvest and profit until reaching the business size that each envisages," he says.
A farmer could make a minimum of R20,000 a month supplying local retailers and restaurants, and have as many as a thousand beds in rows in a garage and harvest twice a day for seven days a week nine months a year which makes the income sustainable.
Mr Weng supplies small-scale farmers and assists operations in Howick in KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Town, Pretoria and Johannesburg, as well as Bloemfontein, Thaba Nchu, Clocolan, and Ladybrand in the Free State.
Less than 5% of the mushroom market is taken up by the exotic mushrooms, such as oyster and pink mushrooms. SA produces an estimated 70,000 tons of mushroom a year and has an estimated shortfall of 120,000 tons.
Source: Business Day
"People welcomed the diet, saying mushrooms tasted like chicken, or tripe or liver," she said.
"We started growing the mushrooms in our four village centres in Woodbridge, Tabali, Gladstone and Yorksford and the interest has been overwhelming such that even Queen Kgosi M Moroka of the area supported and endorsed the project," Ms Lingalo said.
Rosine Letsoalo says a lot of education has gone into ensuring people did not eat the poisonous and wild mushrooms growing naturally under trees.
The project is such that any family in the village could buy the processed mushroom bag and grow their own at home just as they grow vegetables in their gardens. She says many women in this area have no jobs since most textile firms shut down in the past 10 to 15 years. With most men working out of the province in the mines, they rely on farming to feed their children.
Pali Mokawane, who runs the project, says they want to grow the number of mushroom smallholder farmers and if possible encourage related processing industry such as sun-drying the mushrooms.
"Women in these villages are already experienced farmers of a variety of vegetables and are processing sun-dried spinach, brinjal and cabbage. The exotic mushroom has potential to increase their income faster," he says.
Ms Hong-Weng says she dreams of women growing and making the district famous for its mushroom industry. While mushroom growing is regarded as one of the most technologically advanced and sophisticated agricultural industries, she says they want to take away the myth that ordinary people cannot grow them in their garages, kitchens or mud huts.
Mr Weng, CEO of Arteface, says he got the mushroom farming model from Chee-Jen Chen from the Nan Tai University of Technology in Taiwan four years ago.
They brought the technology to empower small-scale farmers to be commercial mushroom producers - taking away the perception that mushroom farming requires extensive capital investment, a highly mechanised environment, detailed knowledge and a high level of management skill to succeed.
"Our company sells to farmers an already prepared mushroom bed the size of bread allowing each farmer to grow the business steadily. They can increase the number of crates with mushroom beds after every harvest and profit until reaching the business size that each envisages," he says.
A farmer could make a minimum of R20,000 a month supplying local retailers and restaurants, and have as many as a thousand beds in rows in a garage and harvest twice a day for seven days a week nine months a year which makes the income sustainable.
Mr Weng supplies small-scale farmers and assists operations in Howick in KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Town, Pretoria and Johannesburg, as well as Bloemfontein, Thaba Nchu, Clocolan, and Ladybrand in the Free State.
Less than 5% of the mushroom market is taken up by the exotic mushrooms, such as oyster and pink mushrooms. SA produces an estimated 70,000 tons of mushroom a year and has an estimated shortfall of 120,000 tons.
Source: Business Day
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